Development

Researchers Use Foundation Models to Discover New Cancer Imaging Biomarkers

Researchers at Mass General Brigham have harnessed the technology behind foundation models, which power tools like ChatGPT, to discover new cancer imaging biomarkers that could transform how patterns are identified from radiological images. Improved identification of such patterns can greatly impact the early detection and treatment of cancer.

Virtual Reality Shows Promise in Fighting Depression

A new study published in JMIR Mental Health sheds light on the promising role of virtual reality (VR) in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). Titled "Examining the Efficacy of Extended Reality–Enhanced Behavioral Activation for Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial," the research, led by Dr Margot Paul and team from Stanford University, unveiled the effectiveness of extended reality (XR)–enhanced behavioral activation (XR-BA) in easing symptoms of depression.

With Huge Patient Dataset, AI Accurately Predicts Treatment Outcomes

Scientists have designed a new artificial intelligence (AI) model that emulates randomized clinical trials at determining the treatment options most effective at preventing stroke in people with heart disease.

The model was front-loaded with de-identified data on millions of patients gleaned from health care claims information submitted by employers, health plans and hospitals - a foundation model strategy similar to that of generative AI tools like ChatGPT.

GPT-4, Google Gemini Fall Short in Breast Imaging Classification

Use of publicly available large language models (LLMs) resulted in changes in breast imaging reports classification that could have a negative effect on patient management, according to a new international study published today in the journal Radiology, a journal of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). The study findings underscore the need to regulate these LLMs in scenarios that require high-level medical reasoning, researchers said.

ChatGPT fails at heart risk assessment

Despite ChatGPT's reported ability to pass medical exams, new research indicates it would be unwise to rely on it for some health assessments, such as whether a patient with chest pain needs to be hospitalized.

In a study involving thousands of simulated cases of patients with chest pain, ChatGPT provided inconsistent conclusions, returning different heart risk assessment levels for the exact same patient data.

Study Shows ChatGPT Failed when Challenging ESCMID Guideline for Treating Brain Abscesses

With artificial intelligence (AI) poised to become a fundamental part of clinical research and decision making, many still question the accuracy of ChatGPT, a sophisticated AI language model, to support complex diagnostic and treatment processes.

Now a new study, being presented at this year's ESCMID Global Congress (formerly ECCMID) in Barcelona, Spain (27-30 April), which pitted ChatGPT against the ESCMID guideline for the management of brain abscesses,

A Shortcut for Drug Discovery

For most human proteins, there are no small molecules known to bind them chemically (so called "ligands"). Ligands frequently represent important starting points for drug development but this knowledge gap critically hampers the development of novel medicines. Researchers at CeMM, in a collaboration with Pfizer, have now leveraged and scaled a method to measure the binding activity of hundreds of small molecules against thousands of human proteins.

Research and Development News

Researchers Use Foundation Models to Discover New Cancer Imaging Biomarkers

Virtual Reality Shows Promise in Fighting Depression

With Huge Patient Dataset, AI Accurately Predicts Treatment Outcomes

GPT-4, Google Gemini Fall Short in Breast Imaging Classification

ChatGPT fails at heart risk assessment

Study Shows ChatGPT Failed when Challenging ESCMID Guideline for Treating Brain Abscesses

A Shortcut for Drug Discovery

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